Improvement in boiler for reducing fibrous materials to textile stock



` 'loV a-ZZ whom it may concern iltiitdtntes @toient (attire.

DEAN; or `ron'r nmvann,V NEW rotin.4

` Letters Batent Nc. 106,135, dated August 9, 1,870. y

IMPROVEMENTIN Bomen PoR .aEDU'cING fFIBRoUs MaTnarALsTo TEXTILE sTocK.-

i The Schedule referredito in these Letters Patent and making of thename.l

r nenknowunmt 1, LORENZO EAN, of Fort ne ward, in' the county ot'jWashington and lState of NewYork, have invented a new and improvedBoiler `for Reducing Fibrous Material to a Textile Stock; and l 1 dohereby declare the following to bea full, clear,

and exact descriptionfofl the same, reference being had totheaccompanying drawing makinga part of V4this specification, in which.-

Figure Vl is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 isa transversefverticalsection.

` The invention relates to theV reduction of Esparto grass or straw or`other fibrous material to atextile` stocln'vwlience paper or felt may bemanufactured by boiling or cooking the grass withina revolvingr boiler,containing any suitable chemical solution.`

Heretofore this process has been carried on in a single-shell boiler,the outside of which is exposed di-V rectly to the ames of the furnace,and it has been `found that,`to prevent thennaterial in'such a bbilerfrom scorching, and so `being rendered useless, it is necessary to keepthe boiler about half filled with the liquid solutiom and that even thensuch of the -material as sticks upon the overlapping edges of theboiler-`plates or rivets,uor is backed up on the heated surface ofthe boiler,is `sure to become singed if the boiler should become over-heated. Wereit not for the liability to Scorch, very much less? of the liquid would,be used, the amount manufacturers are, for this reason,

compelled toemploy being considerably in excess of what is necessary tornoisteu the material and produce steam, whiclris the principaldisintegratingagent in` the process, and taking up so much of the spacein i the boiler as to leave insufiqcient room for steam to act in;`

To reduce the quantity of 'liquid to the point whicbsimple economydemands, without, at the' same time, exposing the material to the dangerof` scorching, -was` theproblem the solution of which isv the object ofthis invention.

' `The invention, therefore, consists in the combination, with theordinary sin`gleshell boiler, of an interior 4perforated boiler ofthinner material than the outer one, for holding the substance to bereduced,

said inner boilerbeing provided with longitudinal 'externalribs of auniform width, suicientto bring the Iouter edges of the ribsintr-)contact with the innerl surface of the outer boiler, and thusmaintain auannular chamber between the inner' and outer shells, which,

being filled with the liquid solution, as the Iboiler revolves,preserves the inner shell, and the material therein contained, fromoverheating. By this means i I am enabled toreduce the quantity ofliquid to within the normal limits and gain the requisite steamspace.v

In the drawinga is theou-ter shell, and b t-he perforated inner shell.of the boiler. y

c istbe furnace in which tlieboiler is partially inclosed, land out ofwhich the boiler extends to a suiiicient distance to afford space,outside the furnace, for

theman-hole tht-he stock-tester e, and the cockf, by

which the liquid contents of the boiler are drawn oli'. l haie thelongitudinal external ribs of the inner siell.

i t' are the trunnions on which the boiler revolves, and It k, thestandards which uphold the trunuions.

In using this boiler, to one ton of Esparto grass, straw, or otherfibrous material, after the same has been soaked in tepid water, anddisintegrated in a machine dred ga lons of water, in which-there hasbeen dis solved 'from one Vhundred and seventy-five' 'to two hundredpounds of alum, or itsequivalentineorude alum, according tothe-toughnessot' the fiber. The boiler is then `set in rotatiomand its contentscookedfrom three to six hours, according to the quality of stockitlisdesired to make, which isascertained by drawing a sample from theboiler by the stock-tester.

When the stock has 4been reduced to the proper quality, the liquid iisdrawn oi` from the boiler,

through the cock f, leaving the s tock in the inner shell. It may beconvenient to throw in a hogsbead or so of water prior to drawing oi'the liquid, for the purpose of .effecting a complete separation betweenthe liquid and the stock.

' After drawing oli' the liquid, a suicient quantity Iof water isthrowninto the boiler, at 'different times,

to wash the stock, such washing beingelfected by the continued rotationof the boiler. "lhere is then `pumped into the boiler from three tofourhundred gallons of a solutionv composed of from fifty. to twohundred pounds of caustic or uncaustic soda-ash,or

Vits equivalent, from fifteen to thirty pounds of horas,

and from six hundred to one thousand gallons of water. lhe boiler isthen set in motion `and heat applied to it, and the material, in thisway, reduced from two to six hours,the stock-tester indicating when thedisintegration of the fibers has proceeded ar enough.

If, at any time, -in the judgment of the operator,

there is not enough of the alkaline solution to reduce the material toatextile-tibered stock, he may add more, and continue the rotationoftheboiler and the reducing process.

The solution above spoken of may consist of wa- (er and soda. alone,instead of watensodn, and ho rex, when it is desired to produce attextile-libered material or stock dilerent from the one produced byforegoing process.

It' it is desired to bleach A this material or stock, it may be done inthe boiler in the samemanner as in an enginetub or rat, by keeping theboiler in rotation, or the materiel or stock may be removed from theAboiler and b1eached,'and further reduced by the ordinary method.

For certzii n kinds of slack for felting and paper piu'- poses I proposenot to use 'any alkaline solution, but a larger quantity of lime andalum, and the washing ont ot' these inay coinpletethe process.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim :is nent, and desire tosecure by Letters Potent, is

1. rlhe boiler herein described, consisting essentially of the outershell a and the inner perforated shell b, having a. smooth interior, incombiimtionjvith the furnace c, substantially in the manner and for thepurpose set forth.

2. The process of reducing fibrous material to a, textile-fibered stock,substantially asherein described.

LORENZO DEAN: Witnesses:

JAMES MCINTYRE, I REBECCA SHERwooD.

